diff --git a/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_impl/flight_sql_auth_method.cc b/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_impl/flight_sql_auth_method.cc
index cc3043bcc62..513f6b711d4 100644
--- a/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_impl/flight_sql_auth_method.cc
+++ b/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_impl/flight_sql_auth_method.cc
@@ -77,10 +77,10 @@ class UserPasswordAuthMethod : public FlightSqlAuthMethod {
     FlightCallOptions auth_call_options;
     const std::optional<Connection::Attribute>& login_timeout =
         connection.GetAttribute(Connection::LOGIN_TIMEOUT);
-    if (login_timeout && boost::get<uint32_t>(*login_timeout) > 0) {
+    if (login_timeout && std::get<uint32_t>(*login_timeout) > 0) {
       // ODBC's LOGIN_TIMEOUT attribute and FlightCallOptions.timeout use
       // seconds as time unit.
-      double timeout_seconds = static_cast<double>(boost::get<uint32_t>(*login_timeout));
+      double timeout_seconds = static_cast<double>(std::get<uint32_t>(*login_timeout));
       if (timeout_seconds > 0) {
         auth_call_options.timeout = TimeoutDuration{timeout_seconds};
       }
diff --git a/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_impl/flight_sql_connection.cc b/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_impl/flight_sql_connection.cc
index a08d9b698c9..8a9bdabcab8 100644
--- a/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_impl/flight_sql_connection.cc
+++ b/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_impl/flight_sql_connection.cc
@@ -257,9 +257,9 @@ const FlightCallOptions& FlightSqlConnection::PopulateCallOptions(
   // is the first request.
   const std::optional<Connection::Attribute>& connection_timeout =
       closed_ ? GetAttribute(LOGIN_TIMEOUT) : GetAttribute(CONNECTION_TIMEOUT);
-  if (connection_timeout && boost::get<uint32_t>(*connection_timeout) > 0) {
+  if (connection_timeout && std::get<uint32_t>(*connection_timeout) > 0) {
     call_options_.timeout =
-        TimeoutDuration{static_cast<double>(boost::get<uint32_t>(*connection_timeout))};
+        TimeoutDuration{static_cast<double>(std::get<uint32_t>(*connection_timeout))};
   }
 
   for (auto prop : props) {
@@ -416,7 +416,7 @@ Connection::Info FlightSqlConnection::GetInfo(uint16_t info_type) {
   if (info_type == SQL_DBMS_NAME || info_type == SQL_SERVER_NAME) {
     // Update the database component reported in error messages.
     // We do this lazily for performance reasons.
-    diagnostics_.SetDataSourceComponent(boost::get<std::string>(result));
+    diagnostics_.SetDataSourceComponent(std::get<std::string>(result));
   }
   return result;
 }
diff --git a/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_impl/flight_sql_connection_test.cc b/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_impl/flight_sql_connection_test.cc
index a63e385e2e8..e55794af0cf 100644
--- a/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_impl/flight_sql_connection_test.cc
+++ b/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_impl/flight_sql_connection_test.cc
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ TEST(AttributeTests, SetAndGetAttribute) {
 
   EXPECT_TRUE(first_value);
 
-  EXPECT_EQ(boost::get<uint32_t>(*first_value), static_cast<uint32_t>(200));
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::get<uint32_t>(*first_value), static_cast<uint32_t>(200));
 
   connection.SetAttribute(Connection::CONNECTION_TIMEOUT, static_cast<uint32_t>(300));
 
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ TEST(AttributeTests, SetAndGetAttribute) {
       connection.GetAttribute(Connection::CONNECTION_TIMEOUT);
 
   EXPECT_TRUE(change_value);
-  EXPECT_EQ(boost::get<uint32_t>(*change_value), static_cast<uint32_t>(300));
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::get<uint32_t>(*change_value), static_cast<uint32_t>(300));
 
   connection.Close();
 }
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ TEST(AttributeTests, GetAttributeWithoutSetting) {
       connection.GetAttribute(Connection::CONNECTION_TIMEOUT);
   connection.SetClosed(false);
 
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, boost::get<uint32_t>(*optional));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, std::get<uint32_t>(*optional));
 
   connection.Close();
 }
diff --git a/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_impl/flight_sql_statement.cc b/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_impl/flight_sql_statement.cc
index 6857e95fcda..8ac020c9ea4 100644
--- a/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_impl/flight_sql_statement.cc
+++ b/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_impl/flight_sql_statement.cc
@@ -96,9 +96,9 @@ bool FlightSqlStatement::SetAttribute(StatementAttributeId attribute,
     case MAX_LENGTH:
       return CheckIfSetToOnlyValidValue(value, static_cast<size_t>(0));
     case QUERY_TIMEOUT:
-      if (boost::get<size_t>(value) > 0) {
+      if (std::get<size_t>(value) > 0) {
         call_options_.timeout =
-            TimeoutDuration{static_cast<double>(boost::get<size_t>(value))};
+            TimeoutDuration{static_cast<double>(std::get<size_t>(value))};
       } else {
         call_options_.timeout = TimeoutDuration{-1};
         // Intentional fall-through.
diff --git a/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_impl/odbc_connection.cc b/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_impl/odbc_connection.cc
index 5207c505bc5..25b677b3636 100644
--- a/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_impl/odbc_connection.cc
+++ b/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_impl/odbc_connection.cc
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ SQLRETURN ODBCConnection::GetInfo(SQLUSMALLINT info_type, SQLPOINTER value,
     case SQL_SPECIAL_CHARACTERS:
     case SQL_XOPEN_CLI_YEAR: {
       const auto& info = spi_connection_->GetInfo(info_type);
-      const std::string& info_value = boost::get<std::string>(info);
+      const std::string& info_value = std::get<std::string>(info);
       return GetStringAttribute(is_unicode, info_value, true, value, buffer_length,
                                 output_length, GetDiagnostics());
     }
@@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ SQLRETURN ODBCConnection::GetInfo(SQLUSMALLINT info_type, SQLPOINTER value,
     case SQL_SQL92_VALUE_EXPRESSIONS:
     case SQL_STANDARD_CLI_CONFORMANCE: {
       const auto& info = spi_connection_->GetInfo(info_type);
-      uint32_t info_value = boost::get<uint32_t>(info);
+      uint32_t info_value = std::get<uint32_t>(info);
       GetAttribute(info_value, value, buffer_length, output_length);
       return SQL_SUCCESS;
     }
@@ -384,7 +384,7 @@ SQLRETURN ODBCConnection::GetInfo(SQLUSMALLINT info_type, SQLPOINTER value,
     case SQL_ODBC_SQL_CONFORMANCE:
     case SQL_ODBC_SAG_CLI_CONFORMANCE: {
       const auto& info = spi_connection_->GetInfo(info_type);
-      uint16_t info_value = boost::get<uint16_t>(info);
+      uint16_t info_value = std::get<uint16_t>(info);
       GetAttribute(info_value, value, buffer_length, output_length);
       return SQL_SUCCESS;
     }
@@ -395,7 +395,7 @@ SQLRETURN ODBCConnection::GetInfo(SQLUSMALLINT info_type, SQLPOINTER value,
       if (!attr) {
         throw DriverException("Optional feature not supported.", "HYC00");
       }
-      const std::string& info_value = boost::get<std::string>(*attr);
+      const std::string& info_value = std::get<std::string>(*attr);
       return GetStringAttribute(is_unicode, info_value, true, value, buffer_length,
                                 output_length, GetDiagnostics());
     }
@@ -591,7 +591,7 @@ SQLRETURN ODBCConnection::GetConnectAttr(SQLINTEGER attribute, SQLPOINTER value,
       if (!catalog) {
         throw DriverException("Optional feature not supported.", "HYC00");
       }
-      const std::string& info_value = boost::get<std::string>(*catalog);
+      const std::string& info_value = std::get<std::string>(*catalog);
       return GetStringAttribute(is_unicode, info_value, true, value, buffer_length,
                                 output_length, GetDiagnostics());
     }
@@ -620,7 +620,7 @@ SQLRETURN ODBCConnection::GetConnectAttr(SQLINTEGER attribute, SQLPOINTER value,
     throw DriverException("Invalid attribute", "HY092");
   }
 
-  GetAttribute(static_cast<SQLUINTEGER>(boost::get<uint32_t>(*spi_attribute)), value,
+  GetAttribute(static_cast<SQLUINTEGER>(std::get<uint32_t>(*spi_attribute)), value,
                buffer_length, output_length);
   return SQL_SUCCESS;
 }
diff --git a/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_impl/odbc_statement.cc b/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_impl/odbc_statement.cc
index 2656701df72..aa622d1941a 100644
--- a/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_impl/odbc_statement.cc
+++ b/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_impl/odbc_statement.cc
@@ -522,7 +522,7 @@ void ODBCStatement::GetStmtAttr(SQLINTEGER statement_attribute, SQLPOINTER outpu
   }
 
   if (spi_attribute) {
-    GetAttribute(static_cast<SQLULEN>(boost::get<size_t>(*spi_attribute)), output,
+    GetAttribute(static_cast<SQLULEN>(std::get<size_t>(*spi_attribute)), output,
                  buffer_size, str_len_ptr);
     return;
   }
diff --git a/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_impl/spi/connection.h b/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_impl/spi/connection.h
index 73983209208..01d6afd0c3a 100644
--- a/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_impl/spi/connection.h
+++ b/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_impl/spi/connection.h
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 #include <map>
 #include <optional>
 #include <string>
+#include <variant>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_impl/diagnostics.h"
@@ -61,8 +62,8 @@ class Connection {
     PACKET_SIZE,         // uint32_t - The Packet Size
   };
 
-  typedef boost::variant<std::string, void*, uint64_t, uint32_t> Attribute;
-  typedef boost::variant<std::string, uint32_t, uint16_t> Info;
+  typedef std::variant<std::string, void*, uint64_t, uint32_t> Attribute;
+  typedef std::variant<std::string, uint32_t, uint16_t> Info;
   typedef PropertyMap ConnPropertyMap;
 
   /// \brief Establish the connection.
diff --git a/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_impl/spi/statement.h b/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_impl/spi/statement.h
index d8b8daf1ec4..1be8690379f 100644
--- a/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_impl/spi/statement.h
+++ b/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_impl/spi/statement.h
@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <boost/variant.hpp>
 #include <map>
 #include <optional>
+#include <variant>
 #include <vector>
 
 namespace arrow::flight::sql::odbc {
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ class Statement {
                     // have no timeout.
   };
 
-  typedef boost::variant<size_t> Attribute;
+  typedef std::variant<size_t> Attribute;
 
   /// \brief Set a statement attribute (may be called at any time)
   ///
diff --git a/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_impl/ui/dsn_configuration_window.cc b/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_impl/ui/dsn_configuration_window.cc
index 4d92ee18998..101f7f90f63 100644
--- a/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_impl/ui/dsn_configuration_window.cc
+++ b/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_impl/ui/dsn_configuration_window.cc
@@ -46,9 +46,9 @@ std::string TestConnection(
   // This should have been checked before enabling the Test button.
   assert(missing_properties.empty());
   std::string server_name =
-      boost::get<std::string>(flight_sql_conn->GetInfo(SQL_SERVER_NAME));
+      std::get<std::string>(flight_sql_conn->GetInfo(SQL_SERVER_NAME));
   std::string server_version =
-      boost::get<std::string>(flight_sql_conn->GetInfo(SQL_DBMS_VER));
+      std::get<std::string>(flight_sql_conn->GetInfo(SQL_DBMS_VER));
   return "Server Name: " + server_name + "\n" + "Server Version: " + server_version;
 }
 }  // namespace
diff --git a/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_impl/util.h b/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_impl/util.h
index 1c102d5552e..5d35ea1640e 100644
--- a/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_impl/util.h
+++ b/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_impl/util.h
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ inline void ThrowIfNotOK(const arrow::Status& status) {
 
 template <typename T, typename AttributeTypeT>
 inline bool CheckIfSetToOnlyValidValue(const AttributeTypeT& value, T allowed_value) {
-  return boost::get<T>(value) == allowed_value;
+  return std::get<T>(value) == allowed_value;
 }
 
 template <typename BUILDER, typename T>
diff --git a/cpp/vcpkg.json b/cpp/vcpkg.json
index 68f20663b59..5c5a5b77aec 100644
--- a/cpp/vcpkg.json
+++ b/cpp/vcpkg.json
@@ -21,10 +21,8 @@
     "boost-filesystem",
     "boost-locale",
     "boost-multiprecision",
-    "boost-optional",
     "boost-process",
     "boost-system",
-    "boost-variant",
     "boost-xpressive",
     "brotli",
     "bzip2",