Fix ODBC Extra slow CI issue

Attempt to resolve caching issue with ODBC CI

Add write permission to store vcpkg cache

Check nuget paths in Ruby Glib and ODBC

Run vcpkg install after vcpkg is set in GLib

Enable vcpkg verbose in GLib

* confirmed `vcpkg install` command returns 403 error

Add ARROW_HOME

Remove `ARROW_SIMD_LEVEL` as it is not required for ODBC.

Remove debug msgs

Cannot get vcpkg in cpp_build to show debug messages

Move location of `packages: write`

Attempt to add `ARROW_DEPENDENCY_USE_SHARED - off`

Revert "Move location of `packages: write`"

This reverts commit b62e04e.

Revert "Attempt to add `ARROW_DEPENDENCY_USE_SHARED - off`"

This reverts commit 5fdf425.

Add GLib MSVC build to C++ Extra

TEMP disable ODBC build

Disable cmake and enable build

Re-enable cmake 4.1.2 and use install_vcpkg.sh to install vcpkg

Clean up test changes

Push after previous run is complete.

Revert "Re-enable cmake 4.1.2 and use install_vcpkg.sh to install vcpkg"

This reverts commit dfea377.

Trigger CI

Apply Kou's suggestion for nuget timeout

Author: alinaliBQ

.github/workflows/cpp_extra.yml

@@ -339,17 +339,19 @@ jobs:
       contains(fromJSON(needs.check-labels.outputs.ci-extra-labels || '[]'), 'CI: Extra') ||
       contains(fromJSON(needs.check-labels.outputs.ci-extra-labels || '[]'), 'CI: Extra: C++')
     timeout-minutes: 240
+    permissions:
+      packages: write
     env:
       ARROW_BUILD_SHARED: ON
       ARROW_BUILD_STATIC: OFF
       ARROW_BUILD_TESTS: ON
       ARROW_BUILD_TYPE: release
       ARROW_DEPENDENCY_SOURCE: VCPKG
       ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_ODBC: ON
-      ARROW_SIMD_LEVEL: AVX2
+      ARROW_HOME: /usr
       CMAKE_GENERATOR: Ninja
       CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX: /usr
-      VCPKG_BINARY_SOURCES: 'clear;nuget,GitHub,readwrite'
+      VCPKG_BINARY_SOURCES: 'clear;nugettimeout,600;nuget,GitHub,readwrite'
       VCPKG_DEFAULT_TRIPLET: x64-windows
     steps:
       - name: Disable Crash Dialogs
@@ -368,10 +370,6 @@ jobs:
       - name: Download Timezone Database
         shell: bash
         run: ci/scripts/download_tz_database.sh
-      - name: Install cmake
-        shell: bash
-        run: |
-          ci/scripts/install_cmake.sh 4.1.2 /usr
       - name: Install ccache
         shell: bash
         run: |