init.lua

-- =============================================================================
-- Entry point for Neovim configuration (~/.config/nvim/init.lua)
-- =============================================================================
--
-- This is the first file Neovim loads. It bootstraps lazy.nvim (the plugin
-- manager), then loads all config modules in a specific order.
--
-- ARCHITECTURE OVERVIEW
-- ---------------------
--   init.lua                     Bootstraps lazy.nvim, loads config modules in order
--   lua/config/options.lua       Core editor settings (vim.opt / vim.g)
--   lua/config/autocmds.lua      Autocommands (event-driven hooks)
--   lua/config/filetypes.lua     Filetype-specific overrides
--   lua/config/lazy_setup.lua    Plugin manager setup (imports lua/plugins/)
--   lua/config/keymaps.lua       All keybindings
--   lua/config/cmds.lua          User-defined Ex commands
--   lua/config/utils.lua         Shared helpers (keymap wrapper, root detection)
--   lua/config/lsp_setup.lua     LSP auto-discovery + diagnostic UI
--   lua/plugins/                 Individual plugin specs (one file per plugin)
--   lsp/                         Per-language LSP server configs
--
-- LOAD ORDER
-- ----------
-- Options must load first (other modules may read vim settings). Plugins are
-- set up before keymaps because many keybindings call plugin functions. LSP is
-- last so all LSP-related plugins (mason, cmp, conform) are initialized.
--
-- KEY CONCEPTS FOR BEGINNERS
-- --------------------------
-- - safe_require: wraps pcall(require) so a broken module doesn't crash startup
-- - lazy.nvim: plugin manager that supports lazy-loading (plugins load on
--   events/commands/keys rather than at startup)
-- - vim.fn.stdpath("data") → ~/.local/share/nvim
-- - vim.fn.stdpath("config") → ~/.config/nvim

local function bootstrap_lazy()
  local lazypath = vim.env.LAZY or vim.fn.stdpath("data") .. "/lazy/lazy.nvim"
  -- Only clone if lazy.nvim doesn't exist yet (fast on subsequent startups)
  if not vim.loop.fs_stat(lazypath) then
    local result = vim.fn.system({
      "git",
      "clone",
      "--filter=blob:none", -- shallow clone for speed
      "https://github.com/folke/lazy.nvim.git",
      "--branch=stable",
      lazypath,
    })
    if vim.v.shell_error ~= 0 then
      vim.api.nvim_echo({ { "Error cloning lazy.nvim:\n" .. result, "ErrorMsg" } }, true, {})
      vim.cmd.quit()
    end
  end
  -- Add lazy.nvim to Neovim's runtime path so `require("lazy")` works
  vim.opt.rtp:prepend(lazypath)
end

-- pcall(require) — catches errors so one broken module doesn't crash startup.
-- The error is still shown as a notification so you know something is wrong.
local function safe_require(module)
  local ok, result = pcall(require, module)
  if not ok then
    vim.notify(string.format("Failed to load '%s':\n%s", module, tostring(result)), vim.log.levels.ERROR)
  end
  return result
end

-- 1. Plugin manager comes first
bootstrap_lazy()

-- 2. Core settings (vim options other modules may depend on)
safe_require("config.options")

-- 3. Autocommands & filetype overrides
safe_require("config.autocmds")
safe_require("config.filetypes")

-- 4. Plugins, then user commands and keymaps (keymaps call plugin functions)
safe_require("config.lazy_setup")
safe_require("config.cmds")
safe_require("config.keymaps")

-- 5. LSP last — all LSP plugins (mason, cmp, conform) must be initialized first
safe_require("config.lsp_setup")