[Bug] Windows 官方安装包启动报错：APScheduler 版本不兼容导致 cron_manager 初始化失败

[jin6yang]

What happened / 发生了什么

使用官方提供的 Windows 桌面版安装包（.exe）安装 AstrBot v4.23.0b1 后升级v4.23.1后，程序启动过程中出现异常报错，cron_manager 初始化失败。
该问题在未对环境进行任何修改的情况下复现（即纯官方安装）。
未注意在v4.23.0b1版本是否有相同问题。

Reproduce / 如何复现？

每次启动AstrBot均可复现。

AstrBot version, deployment method (e.g., Windows Docker Desktop deployment), provider used, and messaging platform used. / AstrBot 版本、部署方式（如 Windows Docker Desktop 部署）、使用的提供商、使用的消息平台适配器

AstrBot Desktop 4.23.1

OS

Windows

Logs / 报错日志

 ✨✨✨
  AstrBot v4.23.1 WebUI 已启动，可访问

   ➜  本地: http://localhost:6185
   ➜  默认用户名和密码: astrbot
 ✨✨✨
可在 data/cmd_config.json 中配置 dashboard.host 以便远程访问。
[2026-04-16 00:38:52.697] [Core] [INFO] [core.core_lifecycle:297]: AstrBot 启动完成。
[2026-04-16 00:38:52.698] [Core] [INFO] [core.component_factory:464]: 📂 文件监控服务已启动
[2026-04-16 00:38:52.698] [Core] [INFO] [core.background_initializer:110]: ✅ 所有组件在当前事件循环中创建完成
[2026-04-16 00:38:52.698] [Core] [INFO] [core.background_initializer:90]: ✅ 异步后台初始化完成
[2026-04-16 00:38:52.699] [Core] [INFO] [utils.temp_dir_cleaner:127]: TempDirCleaner started. interval=600s cleanup_ratio=0.3
[2026-04-16 00:38:52.699] [Core] [ERRO] [v4.23.1] [core.core_lifecycle:286]: ------- 任务 cron_manager 发生错误: Expected an executor instance or a string, got AsyncIOExecutor instead
[2026-04-16 00:38:52.723] [Core] [ERRO] [v4.23.1] [core.core_lifecycle:288]: |    Traceback (most recent call last):
[2026-04-16 00:38:52.724] [Core] [ERRO] [v4.23.1] [core.core_lifecycle:288]: |      File "\\?\D:\AstrBot\backend\app\astrbot\core\core_lifecycle.py", line 281, in _task_wrapper
[2026-04-16 00:38:52.724] [Core] [ERRO] [v4.23.1] [core.core_lifecycle:288]: |        await task
[2026-04-16 00:38:52.724] [Core] [ERRO] [v4.23.1] [core.core_lifecycle:288]: |      File "\\?\D:\AstrBot\backend\app\astrbot\core\cron\manager.py", line 40, in start
[2026-04-16 00:38:52.724] [Core] [ERRO] [v4.23.1] [core.core_lifecycle:288]: |        self.scheduler.start()
[2026-04-16 00:38:52.724] [Core] [ERRO] [v4.23.1] [core.core_lifecycle:288]: |      File "D:\AstrBot\backend\python\Lib\site-packages\apscheduler\schedulers\asyncio.py", line 38, in start
[2026-04-16 00:38:52.724] [Core] [ERRO] [v4.23.1] [core.core_lifecycle:288]: |        super().start(paused)
[2026-04-16 00:38:52.724] [Core] [ERRO] [v4.23.1] [core.core_lifecycle:288]: |      File "D:\AstrBot\backend\python\Lib\site-packages\apscheduler\schedulers\base.py", line 193, in start
[2026-04-16 00:38:52.724] [Core] [ERRO] [v4.23.1] [core.core_lifecycle:288]: |        self.add_executor(self._create_default_executor(), "default")
[2026-04-16 00:38:52.724] [Core] [ERRO] [v4.23.1] [core.core_lifecycle:288]: |      File "D:\AstrBot\backend\python\Lib\site-packages\apscheduler\schedulers\base.py", line 309, in add_executor
[2026-04-16 00:38:52.724] [Core] [ERRO] [v4.23.1] [core.core_lifecycle:288]: |        raise TypeError(
[2026-04-16 00:38:52.724] [Core] [ERRO] [v4.23.1] [core.core_lifecycle:288]: |    TypeError: Expected an executor instance or a string, got AsyncIOExecutor instead
[2026-04-16 00:38:52.725] [Core] [ERRO] [v4.23.1] [core.core_lifecycle:288]: |    
[2026-04-16 00:38:52.725] [Core] [ERRO] [v4.23.1] [core.core_lifecycle:289]: -------
[2026-04-16 00:38:52.725] [Core] [INFO] [core.background_initializer:121]: [simple_backup] trigger_sleep_after_init provider=local_default

Are you willing to submit a PR? / 你愿意提交 PR 吗？

• Yes!

Code of Conduct

• I have read and agree to abide by the project's Code of Conduct。

[dosubot]

这个问题的根因是 APScheduler 版本约束过于宽松。项目依赖中指定的是 apscheduler>=3.11.0 [1]，这允许安装 APScheduler 4.x，而 4.x 引入了破坏性的 API 变更。

cron_manager 中使用的是 APScheduler 3.x 风格的 AsyncIOScheduler 初始化方式 [2]，没有显式配置 executor。当安装了 4.x 版本时，默认 executor 的创建逻辑发生了变化，导致 TypeError: Expected an executor instance or a string, got AsyncIOExecutor instead。

临时解决方法：手动将 APScheduler 降级到 3.x：

pip install "apscheduler>=3.11.0,<4.0.0"

建议修复：将依赖约束改为 apscheduler>=3.11.0,<4.0.0 以排除不兼容的 4.x 版本。

To reply, just mention @dosu.

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