08_Funtions.py

# Functions
def func():
    print("Geeks for geeks")
func()

def evenOdd(x):
    if x % 2 == 0:
        return "Even"
    else:
        return "Odd"
print(evenOdd(10))
print(evenOdd(11))


# Function with parameters
def func1(name):
    print("Hello " + name)
func1("Geeks")

# Function with multiple parameters
def func2(name, age):
    print("Hello " + name + ", you are " + str(age) + " years old.")
func2("Geeks", 5)

# Function with default parameter
def func3(name, age=20):
    print("Hello " + name + ", you are " + str(age) + " years old.")
func3("Geeks")
func3("Akhil")

def myfunc(x, y=10):
    print("x:", x)
    print("y:", y)
myfunc(5)
myfunc(5,9)

# keyword Arguments
def Student(fname,lname):
    print(fname,lname)
Student(fname="Geeks", lname="Practice")
Student(fname="Practice", lname="Geeks")

# Postional Argumrments
def nameAge(name, age):
    print("Hi, I am", name)
    print("My age is ", age)
print("Case-1:")
nameAge("suraj",32)

print("\nCase-2:")
nameAge(34,"akhil")


# Arbitary keyword Arguments
# *args -> *argv allows you to pass a variable number of positional arguments to a function and becomes a tuple.
def myFunc(*argv):
    for i in argv:
        print(i)
        print(type(argv))
myFunc("akhil","vishnu","suresh")

# **kwargs -> **argv allows you to pass a variable number of keyword arguments and becomes a dictionary.
def myFunc(**kwargs):
    for key,value in kwargs.items():
        print("%s == %s" % (key, value))
myFunc(first="Akhil", mid="for", last="Kamale")


# Docstring
def evenOdd(x):
    """Function to check if the number is even or odd"""
    
    if (x % 2 == 0):
        print("even")
    else:
        print("odd")

print(evenOdd.__doc__)


# Python Function within Functions
def f1():
    s="i love you!"

    def f2():
        print("Inside f2")
        print(s)
    f2()
    print("Inside f1")
f1()


# Anonymous Functions
def cube(x): return x*x*x #without lambda

cube1 = lambda x : x*x*x  #with lambda
print(cube(7))
print(cube1(3))


# Return Statement
def square_value(num):
    return num**3
print(square_value(9))
print(square_value(2))


# Pass by Value -> immutable types (int, str, tuple)
def change_num(num):
    num = num + 10                           
    print("Value inside function:", num)
num = 5                               
change_num(num)
print("Value outside function:", num + num)

# Pass by Reference -> mutable types (list, dict, set)
def add_item(mylist):
    mylist.append(4)
    print("List inside function:", mylist)

lst = [1, 2, 3]
add_item(lst)
print("Outside function:", lst)


# Recursive Function
def factorial(n):
    if n == 0 or n == 1:
        return 1
    else:
        return n*factorial(n-1)
print(factorial(7))  # Output: 120